Pdhonline course m121 4 pdh cooling water systems an overview of cooling towers 2012 instructor. The term induced draft denotes that air is drawn by fans through the flow of falling water and up and out of the cooling tower. Note indicates presence of a hazard which can cause severe personal injury, death or substantial property damage if ignored. Closed circuit systems differ in that the return fluid often water, or sometimes water mixed with glycol circulates through the tower structure in a coil, while cooling tower water recirculates only in. Cooling tower operation forced draught cooling towers use the evaporation of a liquid often water into air to achieve. All options cooling towers closed circuit cooling towers hybrid evaporative condensers ice thermal storage remote sump tanks equipment controls parts and services. Department of energy idaho operations office idaho national engineering laboratory this is an informal report intended for use as a preliminaryor working document work supported by the u.
Failure to follow the guidelines provided in this manual may result in poor performance, unnecessary equipment failure. A cooling tower is a heat rejection device which rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature. Cooling tower outlet temperature is called cooling tower range. Latent heat gain is the energy added to the space when moisture is added to the space by means of vapor emitted by the occupants, generated by a process or through air infiltration from outside or adjacent areas. Before starting the exercise, students should have a clear idea about the. There is more description on each of the system types. Carefully read the manual before installation or operation of the tower and follow all instructions.
The wl 320 wet cooling tower is intended to demonstrate the qualitative and quantitative functioning and characteristic variables of a cooling tower. Initial operation check to be sure that the geareducer is filled with oil and that there are no visible oil leaks. Cooling tower efficiency calculations cooling tower efficiency calculation is described in this article. This system sends cooling water out of the equipment and into a pond or cooling tower, which is open to the atmosphere. For water cooling tower experiment, there are several parameters that can be adjusted to observe its effects on the evaporation of water. Here we explain in full detail how does a cooling tower work, cooling tower working principles with example text, pictures and diagrams. Sampling procedures manual revision no one p1 12003 appendix p cooling tower monitoring general cooling tower monitoring describes the characterization of volatile organic air pollutants that are capable of being airstripped from a water matrix. Overview cooling water problems and solutions scale corrosion. It is then combined with makeup water, which replaces the evaporated water, and is sent through the system again. Cooling load calculations and principles ced engineering. Cooling towers overcome most of these problems and therefore are commonly used to dissipate heat from watercooled refrigera tion, airconditioning, and industrial process systems.
Range hot water temperature cold water temperature cooling tower efficiency calculation. From the link below you can download the lab manual for airconditioning and cooling tower. Cooling towers make use of evaporation whereby some of. Simulation of a counterflow and crossflow cooling tower by the stepwise integration method montri pirunkaset abstract the stepwise integration method is an approximation method for determining the water temperature in the fill layers for a counterflow cooling. They reject process heat from the cooling water to atmosphere and keep the water cool. Providing proper installation, maintenance and operation of the series tci cooling tower is the owners responsibility, and is required for safe and efficient operation. As this occurs, a small volume of water is evaporated, reducing the temperature of the water being circulated through the tower. A cooling tower is a specialized heat exchanger in which air and water are brought into direct contact with each other in order to reduce the waters temperature. Download as docx, pdf, txt or read online from scribd. Cooling tower bureau of energy efficiency 5 syllabus cooling tower.
Osha states, cooling towers should be cleaned and disinfected at least twice a year. Cooling tower operation forced draught cooling towers use the evaporation of a liquid often water into air to achieve cooling. Cooling tower performance and sensors for thermalfluid systems. The water consumption rate of a cooling tower system is only about 5% of that of a oncethrough system, making it the least expensive system to. Here evaporation occurs, removing heat along with the evaporated water. Cooling tower efficiency is limited by the ambient wet bulb temperature. Nalco water offers a full array of solutions including chemicals, equipment, automation and software, designed to safely optimize cooling system performance while conserving water and minimizing waste.
Department of energy assistant secretary for resource. Technical reference for water conservation in cooling towers 1st edition. In the wl 320 open wet cooling tower, water is sprayed into the tower from above and distributed as widely as possible using baffles. Apr 06, 2018 get power plant engineering lab manual mechanical 4th year engineering ebook pdf download in mechanical engg. Lab 2water cooling tower free download as word doc. The technical data is taken for mechanical draft cooling tower. Those theories are briefly described in this guideline to provide the basic understanding of its calculation. Baltimore aircoil is the leading global manufacturer of cooling towers, closed circuit cooling towers, evaporative condensers, and ice thermal storage systems. The manual has been developed in the form of individual chapters, each of which stands on its own merit, and includes a list of references and a bibliography. Normally this maintenance will be performed before initial startup at the beginning of the cooling. Types and performance evaluation, efficient system operation, flow control strategies and energy saving opportunities, assessment of cooling towers 7. Copies are also available from your local marley sales representative. Technical reference for water conservation in cooling towers.
Get power plant engineering lab manual mechanical 4th year engineering ebook pdf download in mechanical engg. Cooling tower maintenance is more than simply biological monitoring, a maintenance plan also has to address other issues such as the condition of the equipment, condition of the mist eliminator, general corrosion, conductivity, sedimentation, control mechanisms, etc. Defining cooling towers a cooling tower is a unit that recirculates water to make the inside of a building cooler. See page 42, use of bench top cooling tower h891 in conjunction with. Conclusion this experiment has been conducted to study the effects of heater power on the exit. Drift eliminators are installed to prevent water entrained in the air from leaving the system. If equipped with an external dipstick oil level gauge, be sure the oil full mark corresponds with the full. The water cooling tower may be used to demonstrate industrial practice in which a cooling tower is used to cool water from a process. In a cooling tower of infinite size and with an adequate air flow, the water leaving will be at the wet bulb temperature of the incoming air. Makeup meter air handler chiller tower chemical control chilled loop bleed pump pump. Apr 08, 2018 cooling tower efficiency calculation is described in this article. Simulation of a counterflow and crossflow cooling tower. Cooling water systems an overview of cooling towers. The purpose of a cooling tower is to keep a process from raising temperatures too high were they either can be dangerous or lower the efficiency.
Over the operating temperature range of the cooling tower, c. Experimental study of cooling tower performance using ceramic. The hilton refrigeration laboratory unit r712 is suitable for connecting in this manner. In a cooling tower of infinite size and with an adequate air flow, the water outlet will be at the wet bulb temperature of the incoming air. Closed circuit systems differ in that the return fluid often water, or sometimes water mixed with glycol circulates through the tower structure in a coil, while cooling tower water recirculates only in the tower. Industrial cooling tower and closed loop efficiency can be adversely affected by corrosion, scaling, fouling and biological contamination. Hvac rule of thumb calculator engineering pro guides. Lab 1b cooling tower performance and sensors for thermal. Cooling tower process is generally related with vapor pressure of water and humidity. The calculation of cooling tower efficiency involves the range and approach of the cooling tower. The hybrid cooling tower can serve not only as a dry heat exchanger but also as a wet cooling tower.
A cooling tower is the equipment used to reduce the temperature of a water stream by extracting heat from water and emitting it to the atmosphere. Ambient air is blown into the cooling tower in the opposite direc. The hybrid cooling tower is a combination of the advantages of a wet and a dry cooling tower. Power plant engineering lab manual mechanical 4th year. Introduction the laboratory cooling tower is a cooling tower unit from a commercial air conditioning system used to study the principles of. A basic understanding of the system water distribution shall be established in order to properly operate and maintain a cooling tower on a water efficient manner. Cooling tower thermal design manual cooling tower technical site of daeil aqua co. Hvac cooling load calculations and principles sensible heat gain is the energy added to the space by conduction, convection andor radiation. Water cooling tower laboratory was conducted to perform heat and mass balance on the.
Our labscale cooling tower is designed to mimic an industrial operation, except. Cooling tower sizing can simply be done by graphical methods. Cooling tower efficiency calculations cooling tower approach. Some additional calculation such as water makeup, fan and. Evapco supports its worldwide customers with manufacturing facilities and sales offices. Simulation of a counterflow and crossflow cooling tower by. All existing standards that are reaffirmed, revised, or withdrawn after adoption of this manual shall follow the. The tower often consists of a sprinkler system which wets a highsurfacearea substrate plates continuously, while air flow through the chamber converts liquid to vapor. All standards initiated after the date of this manuals adoption shall use this manuals described methodology. Cooling tower thermal design manual sharif cooling tower thermal design manual cooling tower technical site of daeil aqua co.
A pc is used to evaluate the results of the experiments. The available options for system types are 1 split system, 2 air cooled chilled water and 3 water cooled chilled water. Cooling tower efficiency calculation is described in this article. Design of mechanical draftcooling tower and determination. Ajit prasad dash1, kishor kumar panda2, ajay kumar yadav3.
For the reason, the difference between the temperature of water leaving a cooling tower and the local wet bulb temperature is an indication of the effectiveness of the cooling tower. Lab 1b cooling tower performance and sensors for thermalfluid. Together with the dosing pumps and the provided accessories, they are designed to guarantee the correct and efficient treatment of water flow in a cooling tower. Design of mechanical draftcooling tower and determination of thermal efficiency prof. Cooling tower process tower basin distribution deck basin tower fill induced draft. All of the required measured values are acquired by sensors and shown on digital displays. The present paper is a detailed methodology for thermal design of cooling tower. Doc cooling tower lab report sem yong hao academia. Lab 2water cooling tower evaporation humidity scribd. Cooling tower plays a major role in chemical process industry.
Cooling towers with open and closed water circuits are available. Schematic representation of a counterflow wet cooling tower. The parameters are temperature, flow rate of water, relative. Failure to follow the guidelines provided in this manual may result in poor performance, unnecessary equipment failure and down time. Cti publications manual cooling technology institute. Abstract this experiment was conducted to perform energy and mass balance on the cooling tower system and to observe the effects of one of the process variables on the exit temperature of water. The armfield technical education water cooling tower uop6 has been specifically designed to give students an appreciation of the construction, design and. Design of mechanical draftcooling tower and determination of. See the more detailed explanation of cooling towers systems, diagrams, pictures and principles below table of contents what is a cooling tower how do cooling towers work.
Abstract this experiment was conducted to perform energy and mass balance on the cooling tower system and to observe the effects of one. Experimental study of cooling tower performance using. Cooling towers are often part of a buildings heating, ventilation and air conditioning hvac system. Cooling technology institute cti shall be followed to obtain approval from concept through adoption. Both types function as heat exchangers based on the counter flow principle. Mechanical details mdmaster detail, msmaster schedule, mtmaster table last update pdf microstation autocad section 21 wet and dry pipe sprinkler systems 15300 md 221 001 fir. By using a cooling tower, the plant is kept safe and operational. Cooling tower maintenance program and plan template. Evapco is dedicated to designing and manufacturing the highest quality products for the evaporative cooling and industrial refrigeration markets around the globe. Cooling tower efficiency calculations chemical engineering site. The deadline to submit the lab report will be wednesday 201120 at 8. Instruction manual uop 6 water cooling tower i uop 6 i issue 2 july 1983 i index page no. Simulation of a counterflow and crossflow cooling tower by the stepwise integration method montri pirunkaset abstract the stepwise integration method is an approximation method for determining the water temperature in the fill layers for a counterflow cooling tower and in the fill cells for a crossflow cooling tower. The bench top cooling tower behaves in a similar manner and has similar components to a full size cooling tower.